Comp 271-400 Week 3

Lewis Tower 410, 4:15-8:15

Welcome

Readings:

    Bailey chapter 6, on sorting
    Bailey chapter 9, on lists (and, in particular, linked lists)
    Bailey chapter 15.4.2: (chained) hashing

    Morin chapter 1, sections 1.1 and 1.2
        One slight peculiarity of Morin is that he refers to the array-based List implementation of chapter 2 as an ArrayStack.

Primary text: Bailey, online, and maybe Morin, also online.

Information about MSDNAA is in the Intro to C++ section


Linked List

See lists.html#linked.

See also linkedlistij.zip.

Class both.java in linkedlistij.zip: change from ArrayList to LinkedList.

List-related examples:

Table of Factors

This is the example on Bailey page 88. Let us construct a table of all the k<=n and a list of all the factors (prime or not) of k, and ask how much space is needed. This turns out to be n log n. The running time to construct the table varies with how clever the algorithm is, it can be O(n2) [check all i<k for divisibility], O(n3/2) [check all i<sqrt(k)], or O(n log n) [Sieve of Eratosthenes].

Space in a string

The answer depends on whether we're concerned with the worst case or the average case (we are almost never interested in the best case). If the average case, then the answer typically depends on the probability distribution of the data.

More complexity

A function is said to be polynomial if it is O(nk) for some fixed k; quadratic growth is a special case.
So far we've been looking mainly at running time. We can also consider space needs.

Hashing

Hashing: lists.html#hashing

   in-class lab: GetHashCode() values of strings from hashij.zip's classes hashCodes.java and hashStats.java.

Chapter 6: Sorting

Quicksort implementations

See sorting.html#sorting

Recursion

Recursion starts at Bailey page 94
See recursion.html and recursion1ij.zip.

in-class lab 2

Install expressionsij.zip.

Ratio Revisited

The gcd() method on Bailey page 9 is recursive. How does this work?

In analyzing a recursive method, there are two specific issues: does the method, when it returns, return the correct value? And does the method ever return? Then there's the issue of how recursion can work at all. Internally, the runtime system handles this by creating a separate set of local variables for each call to gcd(). This is done on the so-called runtime stack. This means that different calls to gcd(), with different parameter values, don't interact or interfere.

For the return value, note that gcd(a,b) = gcd(a,b%a), always; any divisor of a and b is a divisor of b%a (which has the form b-ka), and any divisor of a and b%a is a divisor of b.

Finally, there's the question of whether rgcd() ever returns. One way to prove this is to argue that the first parameter to rgcd() keeps getting smaller. We stop when it reaches 0, as it must (why can't rgcd() terminate with first parameter > 0?). The atomic case in the recursion is the case that involves no further recursive calls; in the gcd() example it is the case when a==0.



Trees

binary trees
insertion and search
traversal
tree-based dictionaries